Child Physical Abuse: What Many Parents Do Not Know

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What is Child Physical Abuse?

Child physical abuse refers to the intentional act of causing physical harm to a child, by a person who has authority or is trusted.

These are usually caregivers, who provide direct care to a child. They could be a parent, guardian, teacher or even a maid.

So, physical abuse is when anyone uses any physical force such as hitting, punching, kicking or burning. And causes severe injury to a child’s body.

I know you’re thinking, ‘So, should we not whip children again?

No, that’s not what I mean.

Traditional African parents usually use a form of corporal punishment on their children. This is not bad.

But you see, any punishment that goes beyond mild to leaving scars on a child is dangerous.

Do you know why?

Because it can result in both immediate and long-term physical, emotional, and psychological consequences for the child.

The physical injuries inflicted can range from minor cuts to severe fractures, internal organ damage, or even death. I believe you have heard of children beaten till they became unconscious.

I hope you are beginning to see why child physical abuse is a form of child maltreatment and is considered a violation of a child's rights?

Now, the question is why do caregivers physically abuse their children?

Caregivers physically abuse their children for different reasons. But please note that there is no justification for such an act.

Here are some identified reasons for child physical abuse.

1. Anger: Caregivers who are stressed and lack stress management skills may transfer physical aggression to children.

Sometimes, unpleasant situations lead to feelings of frustration or anger. When the caregiver cannot manage his emotions properly, it can lead to unplanned harmful actions toward the child.

2. History of abuse: Caregivers who have experienced physical abuse either while growing up or as adults, may continue the cycle of violence without knowing.

This is because they may have learned different violent behaviours to control a child.

3. Substance abuse: Caregivers who are under the influence of drugs or alcohol may have poor judgment and self-control, which can increase the likelihood of physical abuse.

Substance abuse can also create an unstable home environment, with constant quarreling and partners fighting.

4. Unmet expectations: Caregivers who have high expectations of their child's development may become angry when they are not met.

For instance, if a child’s academic performance is low, or is still bedwetting after a certain age, the caregiver may resort to physical punishments.

5. Mental health issues: Caregivers who struggle with mental health issues, such as depression may have difficulty regulating their emotions.

Their unstable mental health conditions can affect their ability to be non-violent when responding to stress.

6. Socio-economic factors: Caregivers who face significant stressors such as poverty, unemployment, and debt are likely to use physical abuse as a default coping mechanism.

Just think about it. The lack of support systems for families and resulting stress, may be the reason why physical abuse is prevalent in many African countries.

What are the effects of physical abuse on children?

Physical abuse can have negative and long-lasting effects on children. It affects their physical, emotional, and psychological well-being.

The following are some common effects of physical abuse on children:

· Physical injuries: Immediate physical consequences of abusing your children can include bruises, cuts, burns, fractures, internal organ damage, or even life-threatening injuries.

These injuries may require medical attention and can have long-term health implications.

· Emotional and psychological impact: They may experience fear, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They may also develop low self-esteem, feelings of worthlessness, and struggle with trust issues in the future.

· Behavioural problems: They may become aggressive, exhibit violent behaviors, or have difficulty controlling their anger. They may also engage in self-destructive behaviors such as drug abuse.

· Cognitive difficulties: Physical abuse can impair a child's cognitive development and academic performance.

They may have difficulties concentrating, learning, and retaining information. This can lead to poor academic performance in school.

· Social and relationship challenges: Children who have experienced physical abuse may struggle with forming and maintaining healthy relationships.

They may have difficulty trusting others or exhibit social withdrawal. These challenges can impact their social development and future interpersonal relationships.

It is important to note that not all children who experience physical abuse will have the same effects in the future.

Some kids are able to overcome on their own and others will fare better with external support.

For example, through therapy and counseling.

But all this can be avoided altogether if as a parent, you learn to adopt alternative methods of discipline.

I must tell you, that these do not replace occasional spanking but it serves to complement it. The focus is guiding your children towards behaving righ rather than relying on physical punishment.

You may ask, so what are they?

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Here are some effective alternative discipline strategies:

·Set clear expectations: Clearly and consistently communicate your expectations to your child regarding your rules.

Consistency is vital to helping children understand what is expected of them and promoting a sense of security. For instance, they know that staying out after a certain time means doing extra chores at home.

·Positive reinforcement: Acknowledge your child's positive conduct and efforts. Your appreciation can motivate your child to repeat desired behaviour’s and build their self-esteem.

This can be in the form of verbal praise or rewards like outings, toys and biscuits. Do not only punish them for making mistakes, praise them when they behave right.

· Establish natural consequences: Establish logical consequences for wrong actions. Natural consequences allows your children to experience the direct consequences of their actions, which can provide valuable learning experiences.

For example, if your child refuses to eat their lunch, the natural consequence could be allowing them to feel hungry until the next meal. This may be a better alternative to flogging.

· Use the 'Time-in' approach: Instead of using timeouts or isolation as a form of punishment, consider using a "time-in" approach.

This involves creating a quiet and safe space for your child to reflect on their bad conduct with you. It provides an opportunity for both of you to have open communication. Then followed by your teaching him how to act right.

· Be a good Model: Be a positive role model to your child by demonstrating respectful attitudes. Teach and explain the reasons behind the rules and punishments you give.

Do not always sound authoritative. Rather, speak in a compassionate and understanding tone. Then the child knows that you are acting in their best interests and not just being wicked.

In conclusion, it's important to note that every child is unique. Therefore, your discipline strategies as a parent should be tailored to your children's age and individual needs.

Prioritize guidance and teaching. Focus on long-term attitudinal changes rather than short-term compliance.